"fresen" meaning in Middle English

See fresen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈfreːzən/
Etymology: From Old English frēosan. Compare frost. Etymology templates: {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:frēosan}} [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*prews-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" }, { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-āną", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*freusaną", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*freusan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "frēosan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "fresen", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" }" data-lang="enm" data-title="fresen">, {{inh|enm|ang|frēosan}} Old English frēosan, {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:frēosan}} Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} fresen, {{enm-verb|freseth|fresynge|fres|frosen}} fresen (third-person singular simple present freseth, present participle fresynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fres, past participle frosen) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-st|fres|frees|fros|fros|3a=fres|3s2=frest|4a=fror|class=2|y=0}} Forms: freseth [present, singular, third-person], fresynge [participle, present], fres [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], frosen [participle, past], strong [table-tags], fresen [infinitive], to fresen [infinitive], frese [infinitive], frese [first-person, present, singular], frees [first-person, past, singular], fresest [present, second-person, singular], frose [past, second-person, singular], frese [past, second-person, singular], freseth [present, singular, third-person], frest [present, singular, third-person], frees [past, singular, third-person], frese [present, singular, subjunctive], frose [past, singular, subjunctive], frese [past, singular, subjunctive], frese [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], fresen [plural, present], frese [plural, present], frosen [past, plural], frose [past, plural], fresen [past, plural], frese [past, plural], freseth [imperative, plural, present], frese [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], fresynge [participle, present], fresende [participle, present], frosen [participle, past], frose [participle, past], froren [participle, past], frore [participle, past], freese [alternative], frese [alternative], freosen [alternative]
  1. To freeze; to become frozen (of water)
    To form from freezing (of ice)
    Sense id: en-fresen-enm-verb-y6E9Djmt Categories (other): Temperature Disambiguation of Temperature: 15 13 36 36 0 0 0
  2. To freeze; to become frozen (of water)
    To become stuck to something from freezing.
    Sense id: en-fresen-enm-verb-zvcZHTD- Categories (other): Pages with entries, Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon, Emotions, Temperature Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 13 13 19 1 13 5 1 9 1 1 23 2 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 10 28 14 16 17 9 6 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 8 28 14 19 19 7 4 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 7 35 15 8 21 7 7 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 7 35 15 8 21 7 7 Disambiguation of Emotions: 2 33 11 18 18 17 1 Disambiguation of Temperature: 15 13 36 36 0 0 0
  3. To be at freezing point (of the temperature):
    To be afflicted or injured by low temperatures (up to and including death)
    Sense id: en-fresen-enm-verb-6qk1x7sL Categories (other): Temperature, Weather Disambiguation of Temperature: 15 13 36 36 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Weather: 0 0 50 50 0 0 0
  4. To be at freezing point (of the temperature):
    (rare) To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill.
    Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-fresen-enm-verb-secT4XS- Categories (other): Temperature, Weather Disambiguation of Temperature: 15 13 36 36 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Weather: 0 0 50 50 0 0 0
  5. To stop, cease, or terminate; to come to an end.
    Sense id: en-fresen-enm-verb-GBSNqRN7
  6. (figurative) To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-fresen-enm-verb-k5gtQ4Pj
  7. (rare) To coagulate like ice. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-fresen-enm-verb-UR-vVGcJ

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "lang_code": "mt",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "ffriża"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "freeze"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "freeze"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "frese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "frēosan",
      "freosan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "frost",
      "frost#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:frēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*prews-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-āną\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*freusaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*freusan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"frēosan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fresen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"fresen\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "frēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English frēosan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:frēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English frēosan. Compare frost.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "freseth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fres",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frosen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frees",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freseth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frees",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frosen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freseth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frosen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freese",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freosen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fresen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "freseth",
        "2": "fresynge",
        "3": "fres",
        "4": "frosen"
      },
      "expansion": "fresen (third-person singular simple present freseth, present participle fresynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fres, past participle frosen)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fres",
        "2": "frees",
        "3": "fros",
        "3a": "fres",
        "3s2": "frest",
        "4": "fros",
        "4a": "fror",
        "class": "2",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 36 36 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Temperature",
          "orig": "enm:Temperature",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              67,
              75
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              72,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The birds in the atmosphere? Who finds them in winter? / When the frost freezes, they require food […]",
          "ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 8]”, in Piers Plowman (La, A-text), Shropshire, published c. 1400, folio 125, verso; republished as Hale 150, London: Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
          "text": "The fowlẏs in þe firmament who fẏnd he͞o in wẏnter / When þe froſt freoſẏth fode heom bẏ houeth",
          "translation": "The birds in the atmosphere? Who finds them in winter? / When the frost freezes, they require food […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
        "To form from freezing (of ice)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-y6E9Djmt",
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ],
        [
          "frozen",
          "frozen"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "ice",
          "ice#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 19 1 13 5 1 9 1 1 23 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 28 14 16 17 9 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 28 14 19 19 7 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 35 15 8 21 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 35 15 8 21 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 33 11 18 18 17 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 36 36 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Temperature",
          "orig": "enm:Temperature",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
        "To become stuck to something from freezing."
      ],
      "id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-zvcZHTD-",
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ],
        [
          "frozen",
          "frozen"
        ],
        [
          "stuck",
          "stuck"
        ],
        [
          "freezing",
          "freezing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 36 36 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Temperature",
          "orig": "enm:Temperature",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 50 50 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "enm:Weather",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
        "To be afflicted or injured by low temperatures (up to and including death)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-6qk1x7sL",
      "links": [
        [
          "freezing point",
          "freezing point"
        ],
        [
          "afflicted",
          "afflicted"
        ],
        [
          "temperatures",
          "temperatures"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 36 36 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Temperature",
          "orig": "enm:Temperature",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 50 50 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "enm:Weather",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
        "To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
      ],
      "id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-secT4XS-",
      "links": [
        [
          "freezing point",
          "freezing point"
        ],
        [
          "chill",
          "chill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
        "(rare) To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To stop, cease, or terminate; to come to an end."
      ],
      "id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-GBSNqRN7",
      "links": [
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "terminate",
          "terminate"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
      ],
      "id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-k5gtQ4Pj",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To coagulate like ice."
      ],
      "id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-UR-vVGcJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "coagulate",
          "coagulate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To coagulate like ice."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfreːzən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fresen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English class 2 strong verbs",
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *prews-",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "enm:Emotions",
    "enm:Temperature",
    "enm:Weather"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "lang_code": "mt",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "ffriża"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "freeze"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "freeze"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "frese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "frēosan",
      "freosan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "frost",
      "frost#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:frēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*prews-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-āną\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*freusaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*freusan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"frēosan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fresen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"fresen\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "frēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English frēosan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:frēosan"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English frēosan. Compare frost.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "freseth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fres",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frosen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frees",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freseth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frees",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frosen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freseth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fresende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frosen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frose",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frore",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freese",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "frese",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "freosen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fresen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "freseth",
        "2": "fresynge",
        "3": "fres",
        "4": "frosen"
      },
      "expansion": "fresen (third-person singular simple present freseth, present participle fresynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fres, past participle frosen)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fres",
        "2": "frees",
        "3": "fros",
        "3a": "fres",
        "3s2": "frest",
        "4": "fros",
        "4a": "fror",
        "class": "2",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              67,
              75
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              72,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The birds in the atmosphere? Who finds them in winter? / When the frost freezes, they require food […]",
          "ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 8]”, in Piers Plowman (La, A-text), Shropshire, published c. 1400, folio 125, verso; republished as Hale 150, London: Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
          "text": "The fowlẏs in þe firmament who fẏnd he͞o in wẏnter / When þe froſt freoſẏth fode heom bẏ houeth",
          "translation": "The birds in the atmosphere? Who finds them in winter? / When the frost freezes, they require food […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
        "To form from freezing (of ice)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ],
        [
          "frozen",
          "frozen"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "ice",
          "ice#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
        "To become stuck to something from freezing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ],
        [
          "frozen",
          "frozen"
        ],
        [
          "stuck",
          "stuck"
        ],
        [
          "freezing",
          "freezing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
        "To be afflicted or injured by low temperatures (up to and including death)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "freezing point",
          "freezing point"
        ],
        [
          "afflicted",
          "afflicted"
        ],
        [
          "temperatures",
          "temperatures"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
        "To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "freezing point",
          "freezing point"
        ],
        [
          "chill",
          "chill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
        "(rare) To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To stop, cease, or terminate; to come to an end."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stop",
          "stop"
        ],
        [
          "cease",
          "cease"
        ],
        [
          "terminate",
          "terminate"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To coagulate like ice."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "coagulate",
          "coagulate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To coagulate like ice."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfreːzən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fresen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fresen meaning in Middle English (8.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.